Forensic assessment pdf - Forensic mental health is the interface between mental disorder and the courts and embraces a wide range of risk and clinical need assessments related to medical, psychological and social therapies. This chapter describes the nature and purposes of forensic mental health assessments in different settings (community, prison, hospital) and at ...

 
Forensic mental health assessment (FMHA) is a form of evaluation performed by a mental health professional to provide relevant clinical and scientific data to a legal decision maker or the .... Jw.org streaming circuit assembly 2022 2023

forensic psychology is defined broadly as the application of psychological research, theory, practice, and traditional and specialized methodology (e.g., interviewing, psycho-logical testing, forensic assessment, and forensically rel-evant instruments) for the express purpose of providing assistance to the legal system. A BRIEF HISTORY OF FORENSICMiller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST): Developed as a screening instrument designed to identify malingered psychopathology. It is a 25-item structured interview that can be administered in approximately 5 minutes. The M-FAST consists of items rationally derived from the literature onFormal Forensic violence or sex offending risk assessments can help to identify violence or sexual offending risk factors and recidivism rates or likelihood to offend or reoffend. While assessments can vary from individual to individual, most times they include testing, interviews, observation, and consultation with one of Insight’s trained ... Nov 27, 2018 · Anatomy of a Forensic Report. Since the 1980s, the forensic psychology report, as used to evaluate competence to stand trial and offer other clinical assessments for legal purposes, has become increasingly structured in its organization and content. This has been described as its “anatomy.”. Experts have set out guidelines and developed ... Psychopathy: Assessment and Forensic Implications Robert D Hare, PhD1; Craig S Neumann, PhD2 Key Words: psychopathy, antisocial personality disorder, assessment, violence risk, treatment Psychopathy was the first personality disorder to be recognized in psychiatry. The concept has a long historical and clinical tradition, and in the last decade2.01 Scope of Competence. When determining one’s competence to provide services in a particular matter, forensic practitioners may consider a variety of factors including the relative complexity and specialized nature of the service, relevant training and experience, the preparation and study they are able to devote to the matter, and the opportunity for consultation with a professional of ... The chapters address substantive topics like acquisitive crime, domestic violence, mass murder, and sexual vio- lence, while also exploring emerging areas of research, such as the expansion of cybercrime, particularly child sexual exploitation, as well as aspects of terrorism and radicalisation.This textbook is designed for graduate students learning forensic assessment and psychologists coming to forensic practice later in their careers. It is organized around five broad areas: Professional and Practice Issues, Adult Forensic Assessment, Juvenile Forensic Assessment, Civil Forensic Assessment, and Communicating Your Findings. The Personality Assessment Inventory (Morey, 1991) is increasingly being used in psychological assessment in the forensic arena. The paper presents an overview of the validation of the negative ...A meta-analysis of the Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST). Psychological Assessment, 31, 1319–1328. doi: 10.1037/pas0000753 [Google Scholar] Dohrenwend BP, Turner JB, Turse NA, Adams BG, Koenen KC, & Marshall R (2006). The psychological risks of Vietnam for US veterans: A revisit with new data and methods.termine how to proceed in a forensic evaluation. Although treating clinicians may find this Guide-line useful, it is directed toward psychiatrists and other clinicians who work in a forensic role in con-ducting evaluations and providing opinions related to psychiatric disability. It is expected that any clini-A trusted reference in the field of psychology, offering more than 25,000 clear and authoritative entries.Jan 1, 2011 · Request PDF | Forensic psychological assessment versus clinical assessment: Proposals and challenges for the future | The main aims of this theoretical study were to review and identify some ... partner and a forensic peer specialist. Criminal justice partners . typically come from local law enforcement, pretrial services, or probation and parole agencies. FACT teams maintain close coordination with their criminal justice partners and may involve them in case decision-making. Forensic peer specialists . are Dr. Zapf is the author of Best Practices in Forensic Mental Health Assessment: Evaluation of Competence to Stand Trial; editor of Forensic Assessments in Criminal and Civil Law: A Handbook for Lawyers; and associate editor of the Encyclopedia of Psychology and Law. She served on the National Judicial College's Mental Competency: Best Practices ... Dec 1, 2009 · In our article, we outline standard methods for the assessment of psychopathy, its association with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), and its implications for clinical and forensic issues ... This documentary revolved around a tragic event that occurred on May 7, 2000. In the walkway of the Ramada Inn in Jacksonville, Florida, Mary Ann Stephens, a 65-year-old tourist, was shot at ...the various forensic interview models. In some cases, the veracity of the child’s statement or the performance of the forensic interviewer has been questioned solely on the basis of the model being used. However, forensic interviewers often receive training in multiple models and use a blended approach to best meet the needs of thetermine how to proceed in a forensic evaluation. Although treating clinicians may find this Guide-line useful, it is directed toward psychiatrists and other clinicians who work in a forensic role in con-ducting evaluations and providing opinions related to psychiatric disability. It is expected that any clini- January 2005 · The American journal of forensic psychiatry. J. Barbera. L. Tanser. C.M. Shapiro. This article presents a forensic case seen in the context of a sleep clinic. The patient/defendant ...May 29, 2013 · Background Malingering is prevalent in PTSD, especially in delayed-onset PTSD. Despite the attempts to detect it, indicators, tools and methods to accurately detect malingering need extensive scientific and clinical research. Therefore, this study was designed to validate a tool that can detect malingering of war-related PTSD by Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST). Methods In ... Dec 1, 2009 · In our article, we outline standard methods for the assessment of psychopathy, its association with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), and its implications for clinical and forensic issues ... The 13 areas of functioning addressed by the CAI are the following: Appraisal of available legal defenses. Unmanageable behavior. Quality of relating to attorney. Planning of legal strategy, including guilty pleas to lesser charges where pertinent. Appraisal of the role of persons involved in a trial. Understanding of court procedure.This textbook is designed for graduate students learning forensic assessment and psychologists coming to forensic practice later in their careers. It is organized around five broad areas: Professional and Practice Issues, Adult Forensic Assessment, Juvenile Forensic Assessment, Civil Forensic Assessment, and Communicating Your Findings.Forensic mental health is the interface between mental disorder and the courts and embraces a wide range of risk and clinical need assessments related to medical, psychological and social therapies. This chapter describes the nature and purposes of forensic mental health assessments in different settings (community, prison, hospital) and at ...10.02 Selection and Use of Assessment Procedures. Forensic practitioners use assessment procedures in the manner and for the purposes that are appropriate in light of the research on or evidence of their usefulness and proper application (EPPCC Standard 9.02, American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association ...PDF | On Jul 1, 2016, Christopher M. King published Forensic assessment II: Conducting the evaluation | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGatetication of forensic assessment instruments and forensically relevant instruments1 has increased significantly across these four decades. Since 1A forensic assessment instrument (FAI) is a tool used for the collection of information about a litigant's capacities that are directly relevant to a legal standard, such as "understanding" 4 ABSTRACT. In forensic mental health care, a risk management plan forms the transition between the assessment and the treatment phase. Research and practice have shown that clinicians often experience difficulties in the transition from assessment to risk management.Forensic assessment is one of the basic building blocks that form the foundation of the practice of psychiatryandthelaw,inadditiontoreport-writing and giving testimony in court. Similar to any foun- dation, the integrity of the process depends on how well each brick is laid upon the other.Guideline: The Forensic Assessment S7 180 It is also recognized that policies and procedures will change with the 181 passage of time and from one setting to another. 182 The writing of forensic psychiatric reports is beyond the scope of this 183 guideline. Report-writing is a vast topic in itself, and the reader isThe Forensic Psychologist’s Casebook explores the complexities surrounding offender profiling and police investigations. The book contains 16 chapters divided into two parts, with Chapters 1–8 dealing with the context of criminal investigations and Chapters 9–16 providing practical advice to investigators.The whole process is easy and quick. Check below to find out. go to the free PDF Editor page. Drag or drop a document you want to edit by clicking Choose File or simply dragging or dropping. Conduct the desired edits on your document with the toolbar on the top of the dashboard. Download the file once it is finalized .Diego Rosas Wellmann. Forensic risk assessment refers to the attempt to predict the likelihood of future offending in order to identify individuals in need of intervention. Risk assessment protocols have been implemented in mental health and criminal justice settings around the globe to prioritize risk reduction strategies for those most at need.Jul 1, 2016 · PDF | On Jul 1, 2016, Christopher M. King published Forensic assessment II: Conducting the evaluation | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Jul 18, 2019 · The Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST) is a screening instrument created to assess for potential malingering. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the ... Book details. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 (MMPI–2) is one of the most widely researched and used assessment tools in psychology. Forensic psychologists often rely on it to evaluate clients involved in civil and criminal cases. Because the test results can have a significant influence on court decisions, psychologists ... Jun 4, 2018 · Problems with forensic reports can be identified via two types of empirical studies: either from surveys and feedback from legal professionals on the quality of reports, or by evaluations of the extent to which reports comply with certain principles of appropriate forensic mental health assessment (Goodman-Delahunty & Dhami, 2013). for requested forensic evaluation Conducts assessment of malingered psychosis by applying knowledge of atypical symptoms and/or relevant psychological testing Demonstrates proficiency when explaining forensic opinion on both direct and cross examination Assesses appropriate candidates for diversionprograms through evaluation of diversion Jul 16, 2014 · This documentary revolved around a tragic event that occurred on May 7, 2000. In the walkway of the Ramada Inn in Jacksonville, Florida, Mary Ann Stephens, a 65-year-old tourist, was shot at ... Provides five scale domains—Psychosis, Low Intelligence, Neurologic Impairment, Affective Disorders, and Amnestic Disorders—as well as an overall score for probable malingering. Demonstrates sensitivity, specificity, and efficacy across both simulation and known-groups designs with honest responders, psychiatric patients, and clinical ...Jan 1, 2004 · Forensic mental health assessment (FMHA) is a form of evaluation performed by a mental health professional to provide relevant clinical and scientific data to a legal decision maker or the ... The Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST) is a screening instrument created to assess for potential malingering. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the extent to which the M-FAST total score can differentiate overreporters from comparison groups. Research reports were located through searching ... Jan 1, 2011 · Request PDF | Forensic psychological assessment versus clinical assessment: Proposals and challenges for the future | The main aims of this theoretical study were to review and identify some ... acceptable current ways of performing these forensic evaluations, and following this Guideline does not lead to a guaranteed outcome. Differing fact pat-terns, clinical factors, relevant statutes, administra-tive and case law, and the psychiatrist’s judgment determine how to proceed in any individual forensic evaluation. Jun 1, 2012 · Psychologists should be aware of their cultural biases and not allow them to lead to unjust work (Leong et al., 2013; Weiss & Rosenfeld, 2012). To reduce these biases, cross-cultural knowledge ... The whole process is easy and quick. Check below to find out. go to the free PDF Editor page. Drag or drop a document you want to edit by clicking Choose File or simply dragging or dropping. Conduct the desired edits on your document with the toolbar on the top of the dashboard. Download the file once it is finalized . Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST): Developed as a screening instrument designed to identify malingered psychopathology. It is a 25-item structured interview that can be administered in approximately 5 minutes. The M-FAST consists of items rationally derived from the literature onMiller Forensic Assessment of Children (MFAC) is a comprehensive assessment process designed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the child's mental health and functioning. It is used to assess the child's current functioning, identify the child's needs, and to help develop an appropriate treatment plan.FORENSIC MENTAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT Re: Defendant's Name Date of Report: Page 3 of4 evaluator should remain cognizant of the applicable ethical standards of his or her profession and the legal standards regarding the use of tests. DSM-IV Diagnoses Relevant to the Referral Questions. [Include the following statement before reporting diagnoses].Book details. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 (MMPI–2) is one of the most widely researched and used assessment tools in psychology. Forensic psychologists often rely on it to evaluate clients involved in civil and criminal cases. Because the test results can have a significant influence on court decisions, psychologists ...Nov 27, 2018 · Anatomy of a Forensic Report. Since the 1980s, the forensic psychology report, as used to evaluate competence to stand trial and offer other clinical assessments for legal purposes, has become increasingly structured in its organization and content. This has been described as its “anatomy.”. Experts have set out guidelines and developed ... Patients with Axis I disorders often fluctuate markedly in their clinical presentations in forensic and other professional settings. Although such fluctuations could suggest ineffectual efforts at malingering, more likely explanations include confusion or poor insight into psychopathology, imprecision in the assessment methods, or actual changes in symptomatology. An important concern is ... ABSTRACT. In forensic mental health care, a risk management plan forms the transition between the assessment and the treatment phase. Research and practice have shown that clinicians often experience difficulties in the transition from assessment to risk management.operations, forensic intelligence is a scalable capability that can be used in various agencies. The core of every intelligence program involves many or all steps of the intelligence cycle . Forensic Intelligence Models: Assessment of Current Practices in the United States and Internationally20% Discount with this flyer until December 31, 2015 Forensic Psychological Assessment in Practice Case Studies Corine de Ruiter and Nancy Kaser-Boyd, Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Series: International Perspectives on Forensic Mental Health Forensic Psychological Assessment in Practice: Case Studies presents a set of forensic criminal cases ... A recent Australian study that examined whether reports involving risk assessments conformed to best forensic practice found that some experts applied unreliable methods of risk assessment and incorrectly reported the results of risk assessment tools (Doyle, Ogloff, & Thomas, 2011). The failure to use and interpret the appropriate psychometric ...Aug 23, 2020 · January 2005 · The American journal of forensic psychiatry. J. Barbera. L. Tanser. C.M. Shapiro. This article presents a forensic case seen in the context of a sleep clinic. The patient/defendant ... Book details. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 (MMPI–2) is one of the most widely researched and used assessment tools in psychology. Forensic psychologists often rely on it to evaluate clients involved in civil and criminal cases. Because the test results can have a significant influence on court decisions, psychologists ...Jun 1, 2015 · 3. Quality Improvement in Forensic Practice. Several studies and articles have assessed the quality of forensic psychology and psychiatry practice. 10, –, 16 A review of the literature concluded that the level of practice falls short of professional aspirations for the field, although there have been incremental improvements during the 1990s. 12 No studies to date have observed forensic ... May 29, 2013 · Background Malingering is prevalent in PTSD, especially in delayed-onset PTSD. Despite the attempts to detect it, indicators, tools and methods to accurately detect malingering need extensive scientific and clinical research. Therefore, this study was designed to validate a tool that can detect malingering of war-related PTSD by Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST). Methods In ... partner and a forensic peer specialist. Criminal justice partners . typically come from local law enforcement, pretrial services, or probation and parole agencies. FACT teams maintain close coordination with their criminal justice partners and may involve them in case decision-making. Forensic peer specialists . are some consideration in virtually all forensic evalua-tions, and has the potential to greatly impact the forensic interview process itself. This article highlights a range of issues that complicate the assessment of individuals from diverse backgrounds, including the influence of culture on the interview, the use and Apr 4, 2020 · This study examined the psychometric properties of a widely used measure of symptom exaggeration, the Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST, Miller, 2001), in a sample of 209 (83.7% male) trauma-exposed veterans (57.9% probable current posttraumatic stress disorder; PTSD). Gold standard forensic assessment conducted using all available information (file + interview) 20 items rated on 3-point scale Absent = 0; Possible/partial = 1; Present = 2 Glibness/superficial charm 0 1 2 Grandiose sense of self-worth 0 1 2 Lack of remorse or guilt 0 1 2 Abstract. Psychological assessment is a process of gathering and integration of psychology-related data to make a psychological evaluation by using tools such as tests, interviews, case studies ...tication of forensic assessment instruments and forensically relevant instruments1 has increased significantly across these four decades. Since 1A forensic assessment instrument (FAI) is a tool used for the collection of information about a litigant's capacities that are directly relevant to a legal standard, such as "understanding" 4broadly, it aims to help forensic scientists enhance their vision of ways forensic science might develop in the future and thereby facilitate continuing incremental improvements in forensic science standards and practice. This document is an OSAC Technical Series Publication2 rather than a standard or guideline. ItPsychopathy: Assessment and Forensic Implications Robert D Hare, PhD1; Craig S Neumann, PhD2 Key Words: psychopathy, antisocial personality disorder, assessment, violence risk, treatment Psychopathy was the first personality disorder to be recognized in psychiatry. The concept has a long historical and clinical tradition, and in the last decadeThe influence of demographic, ethnic, and cultural variables on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory—2 (MMPI–2) has been a source of extensive inquiry and research because these factors may modify the way in which psychopathology will be manifested or is interpreted by the examiner. These factors are particularly relevant in ...Jun 4, 2018 · Problems with forensic reports can be identified via two types of empirical studies: either from surveys and feedback from legal professionals on the quality of reports, or by evaluations of the extent to which reports comply with certain principles of appropriate forensic mental health assessment (Goodman-Delahunty & Dhami, 2013). This chapter provides an overview of forensic mental health assessments in criminal, civil, and juvenile and family court settings. We begin with a general discussion of the nature and method of forensic assessment, highlighting the various data sources on which a forensic assessment is based and the hypothesis testing nature of the evaluation process.Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST): Developed as a screening instrument designed to identify malingered psychopathology. It is a 25-item structured interview that can be administered in approximately 5 minutes. The M-FAST consists of items rationally derived from the literature on broadly, it aims to help forensic scientists enhance their vision of ways forensic science might develop in the future and thereby facilitate continuing incremental improvements in forensic science standards and practice. This document is an OSAC Technical Series Publication2 rather than a standard or guideline. Itthe forensic disciplines, declaring that “Little rigorous systematic research has been done to validate the basic premises and techniques in a number of forensic science disciplines.” and “…a statistical framework that allows quantitation … is greatly needed.” p.189. Time: 5–10 minutes; 5 minutes to score. Qualification level: S. DETAILS. RESOURCES. PRICING. The M-FAST is a 25-item screening interview for adults that helps assess the likelihood that an individual is feigning psychiatric illness. Jun 1, 2012 · Psychologists should be aware of their cultural biases and not allow them to lead to unjust work (Leong et al., 2013; Weiss & Rosenfeld, 2012). To reduce these biases, cross-cultural knowledge ... the forensic disciplines, declaring that “Little rigorous systematic research has been done to validate the basic premises and techniques in a number of forensic science disciplines.” and “…a statistical framework that allows quantitation … is greatly needed.” p.189. Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST): Developed as a screening instrument designed to identify malingered psychopathology. It is a 25-item structured interview that can be administered in approximately 5 minutes. The M-FAST consists of items rationally derived from the literature on The Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST) is a screening instrument created to assess for potential malingering. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the ...Book details. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 (MMPI–2) is one of the most widely researched and used assessment tools in psychology. Forensic psychologists often rely on it to evaluate clients involved in civil and criminal cases. Because the test results can have a significant influence on court decisions, psychologists ...Forensic assessment instruments must become increasingly sophisticated and must account for differences in measurement risk assessment by gender, age, culture, ability, and sexual orientation. Evaluation of female risk for violence, dangerousness, sexual offending, and recidivism remains relatively uncharted.Dec 2, 2021 · Forensic mental health is the interface between mental disorder and the courts and embraces a wide range of risk and clinical need assessments related to medical, psychological and social therapies. This chapter describes the nature and purposes of forensic mental health assessments in different settings (community, prison, hospital) and at ...

Forensic assessment is one of the basic building blocks that form the foundation of the practice of psychiatryandthelaw,inadditiontoreport-writing and giving testimony in court. Similar to any foun- dation, the integrity of the process depends on how well each brick is laid upon the other. . Pornoanal

forensic assessment pdf

Forensic Report 12.1.07. 2013. 5. Personality Assessment Instrument (PAI) was used to determine that Salinger most likely minimized her symptoms at the time in order to portray a more positive and desirable portrait of herself. 6. Historical Clinical Risk-20 (HCR-20) Instant Offense Several days before the incident, Salinger was suffering insomnia.Psychologists should be aware of their cultural biases and not allow them to lead to unjust work (Leong et al., 2013; Weiss & Rosenfeld, 2012). To reduce these biases, cross-cultural knowledge ...Forensic assessment is a part of the broader category of psychological assessment. The purpose of forensic assessment is distinct from that of traditional therapeutic assessment, and as such forensic evaluators have different training and practice guidelines. The settings in which forensic evaluations occur are vast, including law enforcement, correctional, and civil and criminal court ...Forensic assessment is one of the basic building blocks that form the foundation of the practice of psychiatryandthelaw,inadditiontoreport-writing and giving testimony in court. Similar to any foun- dation, the integrity of the process depends on how well each brick is laid upon the other.Request PDF | Forensic assessment of criminal maturity in juvenile homicide offenders in the United States | The United States Supreme Court in Jones vs. Mississippi (2021) reinforced the Miller ...This documentary revolved around a tragic event that occurred on May 7, 2000. In the walkway of the Ramada Inn in Jacksonville, Florida, Mary Ann Stephens, a 65-year-old tourist, was shot at ...tication of forensic assessment instruments and forensically relevant instruments1 has increased significantly across these four decades. Since 1A forensic assessment instrument (FAI) is a tool used for the collection of information about a litigant's capacities that are directly relevant to a legal standard, such as "understanding" 4 All forensic evaluations are assumed to be conducted from an impartial stance. An evaluator is neither an advocate for the defense or prosecution. The role of the forensic evaluator is to assist the trier of fact by providing impartial, well described, and quantified data and opinions. While the opinions of Forensic Evaluators are ultimately theirJun 1, 2012 · Psychologists should be aware of their cultural biases and not allow them to lead to unjust work (Leong et al., 2013; Weiss & Rosenfeld, 2012). To reduce these biases, cross-cultural knowledge ... Gold standard forensic assessment conducted using all available information (file + interview) 20 items rated on 3-point scale Absent = 0; Possible/partial = 1; Present = 2 Glibness/superficial charm 0 1 2 Grandiose sense of self-worth 0 1 2 Lack of remorse or guilt 0 1 2 January 2005 · The American journal of forensic psychiatry. J. Barbera. L. Tanser. C.M. Shapiro. This article presents a forensic case seen in the context of a sleep clinic. The patient/defendant ...Forensic Report 12.1.07. 2013. 5. Personality Assessment Instrument (PAI) was used to determine that Salinger most likely minimized her symptoms at the time in order to portray a more positive and desirable portrait of herself. 6. Historical Clinical Risk-20 (HCR-20) Instant Offense Several days before the incident, Salinger was suffering insomnia.some consideration in virtually all forensic evalua-tions, and has the potential to greatly impact the forensic interview process itself. This article highlights a range of issues that complicate the assessment of individuals from diverse backgrounds, including the influence of culture on the interview, the use and The Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST) is a screening measure for the detection of feigned, or malingered, mental illness. The M-FAST may be used in psychological evaluations of an adult who might be attempting to fake a psychiatric disorder. Because of the reported prevalence of malingering and difficulty of accurate ... of the Forensic Assessment Interview Technique (FAINT), a validated and highly effective criminal investigation tool. The article also provides a step-by-step implementation guide and a sample internal control questionnaire that incorporates the use of FAINT. Interview or Interrogation? The distinction between an interview and an interrogation The Miller-Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST) was developed to provide clinicians with a reliable and valid screen for malingered mental illness. Previous studies have demonstrated the development and initial validation of the M-FAST.The specialization of forensic mental health assessment (FMHA) has incorporated important advances during the last two decades. As scientific advances, specialized tools, and relevant ethical guidelines have become core elements of FMHA, however , the question of how to regulate poor practice has assumed increasing importance.Jan 17, 2017 · The Personality Assessment Inventory (Morey, 1991) is increasingly being used in psychological assessment in the forensic arena. The paper presents an overview of the validation of the negative ... Forensic Report 12.1.07. 2013. 5. Personality Assessment Instrument (PAI) was used to determine that Salinger most likely minimized her symptoms at the time in order to portray a more positive and desirable portrait of herself. 6. Historical Clinical Risk-20 (HCR-20) Instant Offense Several days before the incident, Salinger was suffering insomnia. .

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